• SDEWES12-0129 Spectroscopic investigation of NO and co-adsorbed CO, NO on Rh(100) (Adelaida Andoni*, Alexander Van Bavel, Hans (J.w.) Niemantsverdriet)
• SDEWES12-0225 Hydrogenation of Acrolein on Silver Surfaces-A Theoretical Approach (Adelaida Andoni*, Rutger A Van Santen)

Session resume:

Generation and evaluation of clean production opportunities including feasibility analysis and reporting, current problems of environmental protection on a regional, national and international basis, research for sustainable development,  air, water, soil, agricultural, industrial, solid waste management, environmental management, clean technologies

• Energy storage, under-ground and above-ground stockpiling strategies for sustainable energy utilization

Energy storage, useful operation at a later time, carbon energy conversion and management, CO2 injection and dispersion, underground storage of carbon dioxide, technical support of tank systems to store LPG stockpiles, expanding stockpiling capacity, overview of petroleum, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquid natural gas stockpiling and its insurance,  infrastructure protection, natural exploited gas reservoirs, environmental impact, salt caverns, technologies and possibilities for storage

• Economical approaches of hydrocarbon-based and other waste recycling

Processing waste streams into sustainable fuels and oils, hydrocarbon re-refining plant, waste managed or land-treated, data analysis for materials and energy balance, economic evaluation of large scale applications, pumped hydro storage, CO₂ capture and the sustainable carbon economy

• SDEWES12-0033 A novel optimization approach of improving energy recovery in retrofitting heat exchanger network with exchanger details (Ming Pan*, Robin Smith, Igor Bulatov)
• SDEWES12-0055 Calcium Sulphate Fouling in a Batch Stirred Cell (Mengyan Yang*, Andy Young, Jack Jones, Rob Hanson, Barry Crittenden)
• SDEWES12-0085 Oil Palm Biomass Corridor to Promote Malaysia Green Economy (Hon Loong Lam*, Wendy P. Q. Ng, Rex T. L. Ng, Denny K.s Ng, Mustafar Kamal, Michael F. Y Ng, Joseph H. E. Lim, Petar Varbanov)
• SDEWES12-0153 Water Efficiency Indicators in Croatian Manufacturing: Some Lessons and Policy implications (Željka Kordej-De Villa*, Ivana Rašić Bakarić)
• SDEWES12-0247 Improved Targeting of Industrial Total Sites Accounting for Different Heat Transfer Properties (Petar Varbanov*, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Simon Perry)
• SDEWES12-0248 Principles for Sustainability in Modern State-building for Efficient Energy and Water Supply (Karoly Nagy*, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Petar Varbanov)
• SDEWES12-0278 The influence of plate corrugations geometry on Plate Heat Exchanger performance in specified process conditions (Olga Arsenyeva, Petro Kapustenko*, Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy, Svetlana Buhkalo, Gennadiy Khavin)
• SDEWES12-0298 A Holistic Process Integration Approach for Regional Carbon Planning from Stationery Point Sources (Zainuddin Manan*, Sharifah Wan Alwi, Muhammad Munir Sadiq)
• SDEWES12-0328 Increasing economic potential for process heat recovery by optimising HEN designs over a full lifetime (Andreja Nemet, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Zdravko Kravanja*)
• SDEWES12-0354 Energy saving processes of biofuel production from fermentation broth (Endre Nagy*)
• SDEWES12-0360 Full Scale Plume Rise Modeling in Calm and Low Wind Velocity Conditions (Nikolay Kozarev*, Nina Ilieva)
• SDEWES12-0362 POTENTIAL MAXIMUM C STORES IN ST. PETERSBURG REGION (Anatoly Gryazkin*, Nataliia Beliaeva, Anna Fetisova, Irena Kasi, Taisiia Ishchuk)
• SDEWES12-0364 THE LOGGING WASTE AS INEXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCE FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY (Nataliia Beliaeva, Anatoly Gryazkin*, Sergey Vavilov, Nikolay Kovalev, Anna Fetisova)
• SDEWES12-0380 Rescheduling operations demands to increase solar energy utilisation (Andreja Nemet*, Máté Hegyháti, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Ferenc Friedler)
• SDEWES12-0460 Technical innovation for heat transfer intensification for heat recovery (Ming Pan*, Robin Smith, Igor Bulatov, Martin Gough, Tom Higley, Peter Droegemueller)
• SDEWES12-0462 Estimating benefits of heat transfer enhancement in HEN design (Olga Arsenyeva, Petro Kapustenko*, Robin Smith, Igor Bulatov)
• SDEWES12-0555 The Potential of Total Site Process Integration and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (Andreja Nemet*, Lidija Čuček, Petar Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Zdravko Kravanja)
• SDEWES12-0175 Numerical investigation of transport phenomena in spiral-wound heat exchangers (Julia Steube, Daniel Boe, Anna Lautenschleger, Mark Piper, Thomas Weimer, Eugeny Kenig*)
• SDEWES12-0307 Optimal Renewable Energy Systems for Regions (Michael Narodoslawsky*, Nora Niemetz, Karl-Heinz Kettl, Michael Eder)

Session resume:

In 2011 this session received a considerable attention, which materialised in the number of invited lectures and number of attendees, as well as in the number of authors invited to publish the extended manuscripts in dedicated Special Issues of journals with a high Impact Factor.

 Due to the high demand it has been decided to organise this session again in 2012.

 Industrial production still requires a considerable and continuous supply of energy delivered from natural resources—principally in the form of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The increase in our planet human population and its growing nutritional demands have resulted in annual increases in energy consumption. Furthermore, many nations have accelerated their development in the last 10 years, and countries with large populations (such as China and India) have seen even more significant increases in energy demands. This growing energy consumption has also resulted in unsteady climatic and environmental conditions in many areas because of increased emissions of CO₂, NO_x, SO_x, dust, black carbon, and combustion process waste.

 It has become increasingly important to ensure that the production and processing industries take advantage of recent developments in energy efficiency and in the use of nontraditional energy sources. The additional environmental cost is related to the amount of emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) and may take the form of a centrally imposed tax. A workable solution to this problem would be to reduce emissions and effluents by optimizing energy consumption, increasing the efficiency of materials processing, and increasing also the efficiency of energy conversion and consumption.

 Although major industry requires large supplies of energy to meet production targets, it is not the only sector of the world economy that is increasing its energy demands. The particular characteristics of these other sectors make optimizing for energy efficiency and cost reduction more difficult than in traditional processing industries, such as oil refining, where continuous mass production concentrated in a few locations offers an obvious potential for large energy savings. In contrast, for example, agricultural production and food processing are distributed over large areas, and these activities are not continuous but rather structured in seasonal campaigns. Energy demands in this sector are related to specific and limited time periods, so the design of efficient energy systems to meet this demand is more problematic than in traditional, steady-state industries.

 In recent years there has been increased interest in the development of renewable, noncarbon-based energy sources in order to combat the increasing threat of CO2 emissions and subsequent climatic change. These sources are characterized by spatial distribution and variations as well as temporal variations with diverse dynamics. More recently, the fluctuations and often large increases in the prices of oil and gas have further increased interest in employing alternative, non-carbon-based energy sources. These cost and environmental concerns have led to increases in the industrial sector efficiency of energy use, although the use of renewable energy sources in major industry has been sporadic at best. In contrast, domestic energy supply has moved more positively toward the integration of renewable energy sources; this movement includes solar heating, heat pumps, and wind turbines. However, there have been only limited and ad hoc attempts to design a combined energy system that includes both industrial and residential buildings, and few systematic design techniques have been marshaled toward the end of producing a symbiotic system.

 Another important resource is water – both as raw material and effluent. Water is widely used in various industries as raw material. It is also frequently used in the heating and cooling utility systems (e.g., steam production, cooling water) and as  a mass separating agent for various mass transfer operations (e.g., washing, extraction). Strict requirements for product quality and associated safety issues in manufacturing contribute to large amounts of high-quality water being consumed by the industry. In addition, large amounts of aqueous streams are released from the industrial processes, often proportional to the fresh water intake. Stringent environmental regulations coupled with a growing human population that seeks improved quality of life have led to increased demand for quality water. These developments have increased the need for improved water management and wastewater minimization. Adopting techniques to minimize water usage can effectively reduce both the demand for freshwater and the amount of effluents generated by the industry. In addition to this environmental benefit, efficient water management reduces the costs for acquiring freshwater and treating effluents.

 This session provides a platform for development of modern technologies for energy and water efficiency and for exchanging ideas in the field. They include, beside the others, the Process Integration and optimisation methodologies and their application to improving the energy and water efficiency of mainly industrial but also nonindustrial users. An additional aim is to evaluate how these methodologies can be adapted to include the integration of waste and renewable energy sources for energy conversion and water supply/purification. The session is outlining the field of energy and water efficiency, including its scope, actors, and main features. The deals with energy and water saving techniques. An increasingly prominent issue is assessing and minimizing emissions and the the environmental footprints: carbon and water footprints. The carbon footprint (CFP) is defined by the U.K. Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology as the total amount of CO2 and the other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a process or product. IN a similar way the water footprint embodies the various water quantities used for the manufacturing and delivery of a product. For energy supply, there have been numerous studies that emphasize the “carbon neutrality” of renewable sources of energy. However, even renewable energy sources make some contribution to the overall carbon footprint, and assessment studies frequently do not account for this. The carbon footprint should also be incorporated into any product life-cycle assessment (LCA).

• SDEWES12-0358 Smart Grid in Russia: Today’s and Tomorrow’s Practices (Dmitry Efimov*)
• SDEWES12-0492 Control Strategies for Smart Grids (Aleksandra Krkoleva*, Vesna Borozan)
• SDEWES12-0537 Smart Meter Communication Technologies (Despoina Koukoula, Nikos Hatziargyriou, Aris Dimeas*)
• SDEWES12-0306 Considering the Needs of the Customer in the Electricity Network of the Future (Math Bollen, Snezana Cundeva*)

Session resume:

The power systems have been evolving for more than a century, becoming complex systems that provide a number of services to the modern society. In the last decades, substantial changes occurred due to the liberalization of the electricity markets, the integration of renewable energy sources and the general commitment to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Apart from these aspects, which are still in the focus of the electricity sector stakeholders, the future electricity grids will have to address new, additional requirements regarding security and quality of supply, network accessibility for various actors, including distributed generators using renewable energy sources, flexibility in fulfilling the needs of the customers and integration of emerging technologies, especially effective low cost technologies with low carbon emissions. In this context, Smart Grids have become the platform for developing different solutions that will enable the future electricity grids to fulfill these requirements. In other words, the Smart Grids have become an integral part of the vision for development of the future electricity systems. Becoming “smart” actually signifies that the future electricity grids will incorporate solutions that will increase the role of the customers by enabling market opportunities, value added services, and providing access to the network for customer owned small scale (micro) generation units. From the aspect of grid operation and control, the Smart Grids will include new, effective solutions for demand side management, local energy management, losses reduction and integration of distributed generation and storage. The Smart Grids will help achieving sustainable development by using efficient, environmentally-friendly and cost effective energy sources. This will impact emissions reduction and allow higher share of renewable energy sources in the electricity systems.

The actual deployment of Smart Grids is still in early stage, with numerous pilot projects addressing different aspects of the future Smart Grids. At present, coordinated research actions, intensive communication between stakeholders and adequate, harmonized policy development are needed in order to harvest the benefits of large scale Smart Grids deployment in future. In this context, the aim of the proposed session is to discuss different aspects of Smart Grids, with emphasis on current research and pilot project experiences. The impacts of Smart Grids on sustainable development and environment protection will be also addressed.